[토플배경지식]단어/표현+해석(4)주정부 vs 연방정부: State vs Federal Authority(The 19th Century)

 

The Civil War divided the states largely between the North and South.

 

 

 

Much of American history is about the conflict between state and federal authority - that is, the state governments (of Texas, Virginia, and the other states) versus the nation's federal government based in Washington, D.C.

 

The federal government has some lawful authority over the states. When there is a conflict between federal law and state law, for example, federal law takes priority. The federal government wishes to make itself as strong as possible, to carry out duties ranging from "emergency preparedness" to airline safety.

 

At the same time, the states argue that they are granted certain rights and authority by the Constitution of the United States, and that the federal government has no right to take away those rights. The states fear the federal government will become too strong and eliminate the rights of states.

 

States complain especially about the cost of programs required by the national government. When the federal government requires states to do something, such as starting a program to protect the environment, they may be required to pay for carrying out that program, even though they had no choice in making it. In effect, the federal government says to the states: "We order you to do this, whether you wish to do it or not, and you will pay for it too." States say that this situation is unfair and unreasonable.

 

In the 19th century, this conflict between state and federal authority in the U.S. led to the War Between the States, which lasted from 1861 to 1865. The war was fought over the issue of whether or not states were free to leave the U.S. (that is, declare their own independence) if they disagreed strongly with federal policies. South Carolina started the war by seceding in 1861. Other states joined South Carolina and created the Confederacy, or league of southern states.

 

The federal government in Washington used military force to bring the states back into the U.S. Although it is widely believed that the war was fought over the issue of slavery in the southern states, slavery really was not the main reason for the war. The War Between the States was just an unusually violent conflict over federal versus state authority.

 

 

● Vocabulary and Phrase in Translated Sentence

1. conflict: 갈등 / authority: 권위

→ Much of Amerian history is / about the conflict between state and federal authority - that is, the state governments (of Texas, Virginia, and the other states) versus the nation's federal government / based in Washington, D.C.

   미국의 많은 부분은 / 주정부와 연방정부 간의 갈등에 관한 것이다 - 즉, (텍사스, 버지니아, 그리고 다른 주들의) 국가 연방정부의 / 주정부 대 Washington D.C.에 기반을 둔

 

2. lawful: 합법적인

→ The federal government has / some lawful authority over the states.

    연방정부는 가진다 / 주에 대해 어느 정도 합법적인 권한을 

 

3. priority: 우선권

→ When there is a conflict / between federal law and state law, for example, federal law takes priority.

    갈등(충돌)이 있을 때는 / 연방법과 주법 사이에, 예를 들어, 연방법이 우선한다. 

 

4. grant: 주다, 부여하다 

→ At the same time, / the states argue / that they are granted certain rights and authority / by the Constitution of the United States, / and that the federal government has no right / to take away those rights.

    동시에, 주들은 주장한다 / 주가 특정한 권리와 권한을 부여 받았고 / 미국 헌법에 의해, / 연방 정부는 권리가 없다고 / 그러한 권한을 

 

5. eliminate: 제거하다, 탈락 시키다

→ The states fear / the federal government will become too strong / and eliminate / the rights of states.

    주들은 우려한다 / 연방정부가 너무 막강해져서 / 박탁할까봐 / 주들의 권리들을

 

6. In effect: 사실상, 실제로는

→ In effect, / the federal government says / to the states: / "We order / you to do this, / whether you wish to do it or not, / and you will pay for it too."

    사실상, / 연방정부는 말한다 / 주들에게: /"우리는(연방정부는) 명령한다 / 주정부가 이것을 하도록 / 주정부가 원하든 원하지 않든, / 그 비용도 역시 당신들이 지불해야 할 것이다."

 

7. Secede: 분리 독립하다(Seceding)

→ South Carolina started the war by seceding / in 1861. 

   South Carolina 주가 탈퇴함으로써 전쟁은 시작되었다 / 1861년에 

 

8. Confederacy: (국가/정당 등의) 연합, 연맹

→ Other states joined South Carolina / and created the Confederacy, or league / of southern states.

    어떤 주는 South Carolina 주에 합류하였다 / 그리고 연맹을 창설했다 , 즉 남부 주들의 

 

9. slavery: 노예제도

→ Although it is widely believed / that the war was fought over the issue of slavery / in the southern states, / slavery really was not the main reason / for the war.

   널리 믿고 있었지만 / 남북전쟁이 노예제도로 인해 일어났다고 / 남부 주들의, / 노예제도는 사실 주요 원인이 아니었다 / 전쟁의