[토플배경지식]단어/표현+직독직해(1)미국 인디언 체로키족: The Cherokees, Native Americans(The 17th Century)

In the end, most  Cherokee people had to give up their homelands. The arrows shown on the map represent the removal, but not the specific routes that the Cherokee Nation took. (americanindian.si.edu)

When Europeans started to arrive in North American, they met the native peoples. Once called "Indians," these peoples are more accurately called "Native Americans." They were there long before the first Europeans arrived, and fought to keep their land as the Europeans invaded. Eventually, European-Americans won the war against Native Americans, took their land, and destroyed much of Native American culture.

 

Still, Native Americans and parts of their culture survive. One of the most famous groups of Native Americans is found in North Carolina. These are the Eastern Cherokees. They live in the Smoky Mountains. Another branch of the Cherokee nation lives in the western United States. 

 

One of the first Europeans to meet the Cherokees was the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto, in 1540. When Britain's colonies in America fought the British for independence between 1776 and 1781, the Cherokees supported the British but did not actually join the war against the colonies.

 

In the early 19th century, European-Americans respected the Cherokees. The Cherokees were known as the Cherokee Nation and had their own system of government. Marriage between whites and Cherokees was common. Then gold was discovered on Cherokee land, and European-Americans decided to drive away the Cherokees and take their gold and territory. Many Cherokees were removed by force from their land and relocated to the west.

 

About one in every four Cherokees died during this removal. Not all the Cherokees moved to the west then. Some went instead to North Carolina and Tennessee. Thus, the two branches of the Cherokee people - eastern and western - originated.

 

Many Americans today have Cherokee ancestry. Humorist Will Rogers was a famous American with Cherokee ancestors. Also, many places in the United States are named after the Cherokee people. The most famous Cherokee is Sequoyah, who invented the Cherokee alphabet. Despite centuries of aggression from Europeans and European-Americans, the Cherokees have kept their identity as a Native American people.

 

출처: Core Topic Guide(LinguaForum TOEFL iBT)

 

 

 

 

● Vocabulary and Translated Sentences

 

- Native American: 아메리칸 원주민(인디언)

   → Once called "Indians," / these peoples / are more accurately called / "Native Americans." 

       한 때 "인디언들"이라고 불려진 / 이 사람들은 / 좀 더 정확하게 불려졌다 / "아메리칸 인디언들"이라고

 

- long before: 오래전에 / - invade: 침략하다 / 침입하다

   → They were there / long before the first Europeans arrived, / and / fought / to keep their land / as the Europeans invaded

       그들은 거기에 있었다 / 첫번째 유럽인들이 도착하기 오래전에,/ 그리고 / 싸웠다 / 그들의 땅을 지키기 위해 / 유럽인들이 침입했을 때

 

- Eventually: 결국, 최종적으로 / - against: ~을 적대하여 

   → Eventually, / European-Americans won the war against Native Americans, / took their land, and destroyed much / of Native American culture.

       결국, / 유럽계 미국인들은 전쟁에서 승리했고 / 아메리칸 인디언들을 상대로 한, / 그들의 땅을 빼앗았으며, / 그리고 상당 부분을 파괴 했다 / 아메리칸 인디언들의 문화의

 

- Cherokee: 체로키족(의) / 체로키어

   → These are the Eastern Cherokees.

       이들이 동부의 체로키족들이다.

 

- branch: 가지, 분지, 파생물, 분파

   → Another branch / of the Cherokee nation / lives in the western United States. 

       또 다른 분파는 / 체로키족의 / 미국의 서부지역에 산다

 

- explorer: 탐험가

 → One of the first Europeans / to meet the Cherokees / was the Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto, / in 1540.

       첫번째 유럽인들 중 한 명은 / 체로키족을 만난 / 스페인 탐험가인 Hernando de Soto였다, / 1540년에

 

- colony: 식민지, 집단, 정착촌 / - independence: 독립 / - support: 지지하다

   → When Britain's colonies / in America / fought the British / for independence / between 1776 and 1781, / the Cherokees supported / the British / but did not actually join / the war / against the colonies.

       영국의 식민지들이 / 미국에 있는 / 싸웠을 때 영국과/ 독립을 위해 / 776년과 1782년 사이에, / 체로키족들은 지지했다 / 영국을 / 그러나 실제로 참여하지는 않았다 / 전쟁에 / 식민지에 대항하여

 

- be known as ~: ~로 알려지다

   → The Cherokees / were known / as the Cherokee Nation / and had / their own system of government.

       체로키족은 / 알려졌다 / 체로키 국가로 / 그리고 갖고 있었다 / 그들의 자체적인 정부 조직을

 

- drive away ~: ~을 물리치다 / - territory: 영토 / 영역 / 세력권

   → Then gold was discovered / on Cherokee land, / and European-Americans decided / to drive away the Cherokees / and take their gold and territory.

      그 후 황금이 발견되었다 / 체로키족의 땅에서, / 그리고 유럽-미국 연합군은 결정했다 / 체로키족을 쫒아내기로 / 그리고 그들의 황금과 영토를 빼았았다 

 

- originate: 유래하다 / 발생하다 

   → Thus, / the two branches of the Cherokee people / - eastern and western - / originated.

       따라서, / 체로키족의 두 지파가 / -동부와 서부- / 만들어졌다 

 

- ancestry: 조상

   → Many Americans / today / have Cherokee ancestry.

       많은 미국인들은 / 오늘날 / 체로키족을 조상으로 두고 있다.

 

- be named after ~: ~의 이름을 따다

   → Also, / many places in the United States / are named / after the Cherokee people. 

       또한, 미국의 많은 장소들은 / 이름을 딴다 / 체로키 사람들의

 

- invent: 발명하다 / 창조하다

   → The most famous Cherokee / is Sequoyah, / who invented / the Cherokee alphabet.

       가장 유명한 체로키인은 / Sequoyah이다, / (그는) 창조했다 / 체로키 문자를

 

- aggression: (이유없는)공격, 침략, 침범 / - identity: 정체성 / 신원

   → Despite centuries of aggression / from Europeans and European-Americans, / the Cherokees / have kept their identity / as a Native American people.

      수세기에 걸친 공격에도 불구하고 / 유럽과 유럽-미국 연합군의, / 체로키족은 / 그들의 정체성을 지켜왔다 / 아메리컨 인디언 종족으로서의

 

 

 

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