[토플배경지식]단어/표현+해석(4)신문의 성장사: The Growth of Newspapers(The 19th Century)

A penny paper from the 1800s

 

The early 19th century witnessed tremendous growth in the number and circulation of newspapers in the United States. Previously, American newspapers had had both limited appeal and small circulation because their audience was a well-educated minority with particular interests such as literature and politics. The inexpensive "penny papers" introduced in the 1830s, however, represented a dramatic shift in both the content and circulation of newspapers in the United States. Now, newspapers could reach a mass audience, not merely a minority.

 

There was limited intellectual appeal in the penny papers. They focused on sensation and scandal. They drew their material from crime, social injustice, and the activities of groups which in the 20th century came to be known as cults. The penny papers appealed to the hearts of readers. From the start, they were a resounding success. Their growth was dramatic. The number of newspapers in the U.S. increased by about 200%, from just over 1,000 to 3,000 between the early 1830s and the early 1860s. A single paper might have 100,000 subscribers - a respectable circulation at any time, but a fantastic number of the mid-19th century.

 

The first commercially successful penny paper to appear in the United States was the New York Sun, in 1833. Publisher James Gordon Bennett introduced his New York Herald in 1835. Later, Horace Greeley founded the most powerful mass-circulation paper of them all, the New York Tribune. Greeley had a good understanding of what the public liked and wanted to read. Accordingly, his paper emphasized "human interest" stories, not dry news or commentary. Greeley became one of the most influential editors in American and took a particular interest in the settlement of the American West. A famous piece of advice to ambitious young men, "Go west, young man," is attributed to Greeley.

 

Greeley's success prepared the way for other publishers such as William Randolph Hearst, who led the great Hearst chain of newspapers, known for their sensational style and patriotic appeal. Mass-market newspapers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, by emphasizing the tastes of the average reader, also provided the basis later for much of electronic journalism - that is, radio and television news.

 

출처: Core Topic Guide(LinguaForum TOEFL iBT)

 

 

 

 

 

 

● Vocabulary and Phrase in Translated Sentence 

 

 

- circulation: 순환, 유통, 발행 부수

→ The early 19th century / witnessed tremendous growth / in the number and circulation of newspapers / in the United States.

    19세기 초반에는 / 엄청난 성장을 목격했다 / 신문의 수와 판매부수에 있어서 / 미국 내

 

 

- mass: 대량의, 대중의, 집단의

→ Now, / newspapers could reach / a mass audience, / not merely a minority.

    이제는, 신문은 다가갈 수 있었다, / 일반 대중에게도, / 단지 소수만이 아닌

 

 

- draw from: ~에서 끌어내다 / social injustice: 사회적 불평등 / come to be known as ~: ~로 알려지다

→ They drew their material / from crime, social injustice, and the activities of groups / which in the 20th century / came to be known as cults. 

   그들은 그들의 소재를 끌어왔다 / 범죄, 사회적 불평등, 그리고 단체의 활동으로부터 / 20세기에 들어서 / 컬트로 알려진

 

 

- resounding: 굉장한, 완전한

→ From the start, / they were / a resounding success.

    시작부터, / 그들은 / 대성공이었다. 

 

 

- respectable: 존경할 만한, 훌륭한

→ A single paper / might have 100,000 subscribers / - a respectable circulation / at any time, / but a fantastic number / of the mid-19th century.

   1개의 신문이 /. 100,000명의 구독자를 보유하기도 했다 / - (이것은) 충분히 훌륭한 숫자이다 / 어느때나, / 그러나 환상적인 숫자였다 /. 9세기 중반에는

 

 

- influential: 영향력 있는, 영향력이 큰

→ Greeley became / one of the most influential editors / in American / and took a particular interest / in the settlement of the American West.

    Greeley는 되었다 / 가장 영향력 있는 편집발행인들 중 한명이 / 미국에서 / 그리고 특별한 관심을 가졌다 / 미국 서부의 정착에 대해

 

 

- patriotic: 애국적인 / be known for~: ~로 유명한

→ Greeley's success / prepared the way for other publishers / such as William Randolph Hearst, / who led the great Hearst chain of newspapers, / known for their sensational style and patriotic appeal.

    Greeley의 성공은 / 다른 출판업자들의 길을 닦아놓았다 / William Randolph Hearst와 같은, /. (그리고 그는) 거대한 Hearst 신문사를 이끈 사람이었다, / 선풍적인 스타일과 애국적인 호소력으로 알려진

 

 

- that is: 즉

→ Mass-market newspapers / of the 19th and early 20th centuries, / by emphasizing the tastes of the average reader, / also provided the basis later for much of electronic journalism - that is, radio and television news.

   대중을 겨냥한 신문은 / 19세기와 20세기 초반에 발행된, / 평균 독자의 기호를 강조함으로써, / 또한 / 전자 언론의 상당부분에 대한 기반을 제공하였다 / - 즉, 라디오와 텔레비전 뉴스

 

(의역) 또한 19세기와 20세기 초반에 발행된 대중을 겨냥한 신문은 평균 독자의 기호를 강조함으로써 전자 언론 - 즉, 라디오와 텔레비전 뉴스 - 의 상당부분에 대한 기반을 제공하였다.

 

 

 

 

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